Re: fmouse,
the phenomenom you're describing pertains to superglobals, not arrays, and it only applies in a very specific scope. Check out http://de.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.variable.php :
"Please note that variable variables cannot be used with PHP's Superglobal arrays within functions or class methods. The variable $this is also a special variable that cannot be referenced dynamically."
数组
PHP 中的数组实际上是一个有序图。图是一种把 values 映射到 keys 的类型。此类型在很多方面做了优化,因此可以把它当成真正的数组来使用,或列表(矢量),散列表(是图的一种实现),字典,集合,栈,队列以及更多可能性。因为可以用另一个 PHP 数组作为值,也可以很容易地模拟树。
解释这些结构超出了本手册的范围,但对于每种结构至少会发现一个例子。要得到这些结构的更多信息,建议参考有关此广阔主题的外部著作。
语法
定义 array()
可以用 array() 语言结构来新建一个 array。它接受一定数量用逗号分隔的 key => value 参数对。
array( key => value , ... ) // key 可以是 integer 或者 string // value 可以是任何值
<?php
$arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
echo $arr["foo"]; // bar
echo $arr[12]; // 1
?>
key 可以是 integer 或者 string。如果键名是一个 integer 的标准表达方法,则被解释为整数(例如 "8" 将被解释为 8,而 "08" 将被解释为 "08")。key 中的浮点数被取整为 integer。PHP 中没有不同的数字下标和关联下标数组,数组的类型只有一种,它可以同时包含整型和字符串型的下标。
值可以是任何值。
<?php
$arr = array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 42));
echo $arr["somearray"][6]; // 5
echo $arr["somearray"][13]; // 9
echo $arr["somearray"]["a"]; // 42
?>
如果对给出的值没有指定键名,则取当前最大的整数索引值,而新的键名将是该值加一。如果指定的键名已经有了值,则该值会被覆盖。
<?php
// This array is the same as ...
array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);
// ...this array
array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
?>
自 PHP 4.3.0 起,上述的索引生成方法改变了。如今如果给一个当前最大键名是负值的数组添加一个新值,则新生成的的索引将为零(0)。以前新生成的索引为当前最大索引加一,和正值的索引相同。
使用 TRUE 作为键名将使 integer 1 成为键名。使用 FALSE 作为键名将使 integer 0 成为键名。使用 NULL 作为键名将等同于使用空字符串。使用空字符串作为键名将新建(或覆盖)一个用空字符串作为键名的值,这和用空的方括号不一样。
不能用数组和对象作为键名。这样做会导致一个警告:Illegal offset type。
用方括号的语法新建/修改
可以通过明示地设定值来改变一个现有的数组。
这是通过在方括号内指定键名来给数组赋值实现的。也可以省略键名,在这种情况下给变量名加上一对空的方括号(“[]”)。
$arr[key] = value; $arr[] = value; // key 可以是 integer 或者 string // value 可以为任何值。如果 $arr 还不存在,将会新建一个。这也是一种定义数组的替换方法。要改变一个值,只要给它赋一个新值。如果要删除一个键名/值对,要对它用 unset()。
<?php
$arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);
$arr[] = 56; // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;
// at this point of the script
$arr["x"] = 42; // This adds a new element to
// the array with key "x"
unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the array
unset($arr); // This deletes the whole array
?>
Note: 如上所述,如果给出方括号但没有指定键名,则取当前最大整数索引值,新的键名将是该值 + 1。如果当前还没有整数索引,则键名将为 0。如果指定的键名已经有值了,该值将被覆盖。
Warning自 PHP 4.3.0 起,上述的索引生成方法改变了。如今如果给一个当前最大键名是负值的数组添加一个新值,则新生成的的索引将为零(0)。以前新生成的索引为当前最大索引加一,和正值的索引相同。
注意这里所使用的最大整数键名不一定当前就在数组中。它只要在上次数组重新生成索引后曾经存在过就行了。以下面的例子来说明:
<?php
// 创建一个简单的数组
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
print_r($array);
// 现在删除其中的所有单元,但保持数组本身的结构
foreach ($array as $i => $value) {
unset($array[$i]);
}
print_r($array);
// 添加一个单元(注意新的键名是 5,而不是你可能以为的 0)
$array[] = 6;
print_r($array);
// 重新索引:
$array = array_values($array);
$array[] = 7;
print_r($array);
?>上例将输出:
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 ) Array ( ) Array ( [5] => 6 ) Array ( [0] => 6 [1] => 7 )
实用函数
有相当多的实用函数作用于数组,参见数组函数一节。
Note: unset() 函数允许取消一个数组中的键名。要注意数组将不会重建索引。
<?PHP
$a = array( 1 => 'one', 2 => 'two', 3 => 'three' );
unset( $a[2] );
/* 将产生一个数组,定义为
$a = array( 1=>'one', 3=>'three');
而不是
$a = array( 1 => 'one', 2 => 'three');
*/
$b = array_values($a);
// Now $b is array(0 => 'one', 1 =>'three')
?>
foreach 控制结构是专门用于数组的。它提供了一个简单的方法来遍历数组。
数组做什么和不做什么
为什么 $foo[bar] 错了?
应该始终在用字符串表示的数组索引上加上引号。例如用 $foo['bar'] 而不是 $foo[bar]。但是为什么 $foo[bar] 错了呢?可能在老的脚本中见过如下语法:
<?php
$foo[bar] = 'enemy';
echo $foo[bar];
// etc
?>
Note: 这并不意味着总是给键名加上引号。用不着给键名为常量或变量的加上引号,否则会使 PHP 不能解析它们。
上例的输出类似于:<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', true);
ini_set('html_errors', false);
// Simple array:
$array = array(1, 2);
$count = count($array);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
echo "\nChecking $i: \n";
echo "Bad: " . $array['$i'] . "\n";
echo "Good: " . $array[$i] . "\n";
echo "Bad: {$array['$i']}\n";
echo "Good: {$array[$i]}\n";
}
?>
Checking 0: Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.php on line 10 Bad: Good: 1 Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.php on line 12 Bad: Good: 1 Checking 1: Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.php on line 10 Bad: Good: 2 Notice: Undefined index: $i in /path/to/script.php on line 12 Bad: Good: 2
演示此效应的更多例子:
<?php
// 显示所有错误
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');
// 正确
print $arr['fruit']; // apple
print $arr['veggie']; // carrot
// 不正确。This works but also throws a PHP error of
// level E_NOTICE because of an undefined constant named fruit
//
// Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in...
print $arr[fruit]; // apple
// Let's define a constant to demonstrate what's going on. We
// will assign value 'veggie' to a constant named fruit.
define('fruit','veggie');
// Notice the difference now
print $arr['fruit']; // apple
print $arr[fruit]; // carrot
// The following is okay as it's inside a string. Constants are not
// looked for within strings so no E_NOTICE error here
print "Hello $arr[fruit]"; // Hello apple
// With one exception, braces surrounding arrays within strings
// allows constants to be looked for
print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}"; // Hello carrot
print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple
// This will not work, results in a parse error such as:
// Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'
// This of course applies to using autoglobals in strings as well
print "Hello $arr['fruit']";
print "Hello $_GET['foo']";
// Concatenation is another option
print "Hello " . $arr['fruit']; // Hello apple
?>
当打开 error_reporting() 来显示 E_NOTICE 级别的错误(例如将其设为 E_ALL)时将看到这些错误。默认情况下 error_reporting 被关闭不显示这些。
和在语法一节中规定的一样,在方括号(“[”和“]”)之间必须有一个表达式。这意味着可以这样写:
<?php
echo $arr[somefunc($bar)];
?>
<?php
$error_descriptions[E_ERROR] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[E_WARNING] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[E_NOTICE] = "This is just an informal notice";
?>
<?php
$error_descriptions[1] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[2] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[8] = "This is just an informal notice";
?>
如同在以上例子中解释的那样,$foo[bar] 起作用但其实是错误的。它起作用是因为根据语法的预期,bar 被当成了一个常量表达式。然而,在这个例子中不存在名为 bar 的常量。PHP 就假定指的是字面上的 bar,也就是字符串 "bar",但忘记加引号了。
转换为数组
对于任何的类型:整型、浮点、字符串、布尔和资源,如果将一个值转换为数组,将得到一个仅有一个元素的数组(其下标为 0),该元素即为此标量的值。
如果将一个对象转换成一个数组,所得到的数组的元素为该对象的属性(成员变量),其键名为成员变量名。
如果将一个 NULL 值转换成数组,将得到一个空数组。
比较
有可能通过 array_diff() 和数组运算符来比较数组。
例子
PHP 中的数组类型有非常多的用途,因此这里有一些例子展示数组的完整威力。
<?php
// this
$a = array( 'color' => 'red',
'taste' => 'sweet',
'shape' => 'round',
'name' => 'apple',
4 // key will be 0
);
// is completely equivalent with
$a['color'] = 'red';
$a['taste'] = 'sweet';
$a['shape'] = 'round';
$a['name'] = 'apple';
$a[] = 4; // key will be 0
$b[] = 'a';
$b[] = 'b';
$b[] = 'c';
// will result in the array array(0 => 'a' , 1 => 'b' , 2 => 'c'),
// or simply array('a', 'b', 'c')
?>
Example#1 使用 array()
<?php
// Array as (property-)map
$map = array( 'version' => 4,
'OS' => 'Linux',
'lang' => 'english',
'short_tags' => true
);
// strictly numerical keys
$array = array( 7,
8,
0,
156,
-10
);
// this is the same as array(0 => 7, 1 => 8, ...)
$switching = array( 10, // key = 0
5 => 6,
3 => 7,
'a' => 4,
11, // key = 6 (maximum of integer-indices was 5)
'8' => 2, // key = 8 (integer!)
'02' => 77, // key = '02'
0 => 12 // the value 10 will be overwritten by 12
);
// empty array
$empty = array();
?>
Example#2 集合
<?php
$colors = array('red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow');
foreach ($colors as $color) {
echo "Do you like $color?\n";
}
?>
上例将输出:
Do you like red? Do you like blue? Do you like green? Do you like yellow?
直接改变数组的值在 PHP 5 中可以通过引用传递来做到。之前的版本需要需要采取别的方法:
Example#3 集合
<?php
// PHP 5
foreach ($colors as &$color) {
$color = strtoupper($color);
}
unset($color); /* 确保下面对 $color 的覆盖不会影响到前一个数组单元 */
// 之前版本的方法
foreach ($colors as $key => $color) {
$colors[$key] = strtoupper($color);
}
print_r($colors);
?>
上例将输出:
Array ( [0] => RED [1] => BLUE [2] => GREEN [3] => YELLOW )
本例产生一个下标从 1 开始的数组。
Example#4 下标从 1 开始的数组
<?php
$firstquarter = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March');
print_r($firstquarter);
?>
上例将输出:
Array ( [1] => 'January' [2] => 'February' [3] => 'March' ) */ ?>
Example#5 填充数组
<?php
// fill an array with all items from a directory
$handle = opendir('.');
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
$files[] = $file;
}
closedir($handle);
?>
数组是有序的。也可以使用不同的排序函数来改变顺序。更多信息参见数组函数。可以用 count() 函数来数出数组中元素的个数。
Example#6 数组排序
<?php
sort($files);
print_r($files);
?>
因为数组中的值可以为任意值,也可是另一个数组。这样可以产生递归或多维数组。
Example#7 递归和多维数组
<?php
$fruits = array ( "fruits" => array ( "a" => "orange",
"b" => "banana",
"c" => "apple"
),
"numbers" => array ( 1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
),
"holes" => array ( "first",
5 => "second",
"third"
)
);
// Some examples to address values in the array above
echo $fruits["holes"][5]; // prints "second"
echo $fruits["fruits"]["a"]; // prints "orange"
unset($fruits["holes"][0]); // remove "first"
// Create a new multi-dimensional array
$juices["apple"]["green"] = "good";
?>
需要注意数组的赋值总是会涉及到值的拷贝。这还意味着在 current() 以及类似函数中使用的内部数组指针会被重置。需要在复制数组时用引用符号(&)。
<?php
$arr1 = array(2, 3);
$arr2 = $arr1;
$arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 is changed,
// $arr1 is still array(2,3)
$arr3 = &$arr1;
$arr3[] = 4; // now $arr1 and $arr3 are the same
?>
数组
13-Sep-2008 11:49
05-Jun-2008 07:43
>fmouse
Variable variables can be used with arrays as discussed in the variable variable section.
Also, from your code, $somevar can be an array and still work fine.
$fum = "somevar";
$$fum = array(); // $somevar is now an array
$foo = $$fum;
print_r( $foo); // we get an empty array printed
print_r() doesn't just print arrays, it prints any variable type.
If you pass it a variable, that hasn't been defined yet, it won't know how to print it.
You would get this same results by passing any undefined variable such as:
print_r( $bar ); // PHP Notice: undefined variable ...$bar
30-Apr-2008 04:14
Using variables as array names no longer works in PHP5.
$fum = "somevar";
$foo = $$fum;
# Still works if $somevar isn't an array. $foo contains the value of $somevar
but ....
$fum = "_POST";
print_r($$fum);
print_r(${$fum});
Neither form of indirection works in this context. $$fum comes back empty.
If you have PHP4 code that used this kind of indirection you can work around the change in PHP5 using an eval().
$fum = "_POST";
$foo = eval("return $$fum;");
print_r($foo);
This works!
19-Mar-2008 05:52
Sorting double dimensional arrays by a specified key bothe for Strings and for integers:
Ex:
$personDetails = array( array("firstName" => "Nancy", "lastName" => "Grace", "age" => 22), array("firstName" => "Andy", "lastName" => "Peter", "age" => 28), array("firstName" => "Jim", "lastName" => "Gary", "age" => 25), array("firstName" => "Lary", "lastName" => "James", "age" => 28), array("firstName" => "Peter", "lastName" => "David", "age" => 17), array("firstName" => "Raj", "lastName" => "King", "age" => 9), array("firstName" => "John", "lastName" => "Baxter","age" => 35) );
//To sort the array by firstName:-
function sortFirstName($p1, $p2) {
return strnatcmp($p1['firstName'], $p2['firstName']);
}
usort($personDetails, 'sortFirstName');
//To sort by an integer Field
function sortByInteger(&$personDetails, $field) {
$sort = "return strnatcmp(\$p1['$field'], \$p2['$field']);";
usort($personDetails, create_function('$p1,$p2', $sort));
return $personDetails;
}
$personDetails = sortByInteger($personDetails, 'age');
//To sort the array in Descending order by a key, It can be done by adding "-" sign before strnatcmp() function.
I hope this helps
10-Jan-2008 12:00
"If you convert a NULL value to an array, you get an empty array."
This turns out to be a useful property. Say you have a search function that returns an array of values on success or NULL if nothing found.
$values = search(...);
Now you want to merge the array with another array. What do we do if $values is NULL? No problem:
$combined = array_merge((array)$values, $other);
Voila.
19-Dec-2007 08:25
z on 22-Apr-2005 12:10 wrote:
-----------------------------------------------
Here's a simple function to insert a value into some position in an array
<?php
function array_insert($array,$pos,$val)
{
$array2 = array_splice($array,$pos);
$array[] = $val;
$array = array_merge($array,$array2);
return $array;
}
?>
and now for example...
<?php
$a = array("John","Paul","Peter");
$a = array_insert($a,1,"Mike");
?>
Now $a will be "John","Mike","Paul","Peter"
-----------------------------------------------
Im learning to use PHP and reading about array_splice found that
<?php
function array_insert($array,$pos,$val)
{
$array2 = array_splice($array,$pos);
$array[] = $val;
$array = array_merge($array,$array2);
return $array;
}
$a = array("John","Paul","Peter");
$a = array_insert($a,1,"Mike");
print_r($a);
?>
would output the same as
<?php
$b = array("John","Paul","Peter");
array_splice($b,1,0,array("Mike"));
print_r($b);
?>
10-Oct-2007 05:14
<?php
//Simple Login Script using associative array.
//You may modify the codes and use $_POST['FORM_FIELD_DATA'] for your web-page.
//You may spice-up the codes with more form field validation & security features.
//$user_name=$_POST['user_name'];
//$password=$_POST['password'];
$test_user_name = 'michelle_smith'; //for testing purpose only
$test_password = 'msmith321'; //for testing purpose only
$user_name = $test_user_name;
$password = $test_password;
// here user_name is key and password is the value of an array..
// website owner has to add new user/site member manually in $login_array
$login_array = array(
'user_name' => 'password',
'alex_duff' => 'alx321',
'xena78' => 'xena321',
'dela_pena' => 'delp321',
'shawn_1981' => 'shw81',
'michelle_smith' => 'msmith321');
ksort ($login_array);
reset($login_array);
if (isset($login_array[$user_name]))
{
$pass_check = $login_array[$user_name];
if ($password === $pass_check)
{
echo "Welcome, $user_name!\n<br>"; //may redirect to specific webpage.
}
else
{
echo "Please try again!"; //may redirect to Error page.
}
}
else
{
echo "Please register with us. Thanks!"; //may redirect to registration page.
exit();
}
echo("\n<br>");
echo 'Thanks to Thies C. Arntzen, Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, Rasmus Lerdorf, Sam Ruby, Sascha Schumann, Zeev Suraski, Jim Winstead, Andrei Zmievski for wonderful PHP!';
?>
07-Sep-2007 02:36
Its worth noting that there does not appear to be any functional limitations on the length or content of string indexes. The string indexes for your arrays can contain any characters, including new line characters, and can be of any length:
<?php
$key = "XXXXX";
$test = array($key => "test5");
for ($x = 0; $x < 500; $x++) {
$key .= "X";
$value = "test" . strlen($key);
$test[$key] = $value;
}
echo "<pre>";
print_r($test);
echo "</pre>";
?>
Keep in mind that using extremely long array indexes is not a good practice and could cost you lots of extra CPU time. However, if you have to use a long string as an array index you won't have to worry about the length or content.
31-Aug-2007 04:56
<?php
//EXAMPLE of Multi-Dimentional Array where as an array's keys are an array itself.
//It's so easy to create one like this.
$movie_to_watch = array ('Action'=>
array('Kanu Reeves' => 'Matrix Reloaded',
'Pearce Brosnan' => 'Die Another Day',
'Tom Cruz' => 'Mission Impossible',
'Jason Statham' => 'Crank',
'Danzel Washington' => 'Man on Fire'),
'Comedy' =>
array ('Charlie Chaplin' => 'City Lights',
'Jim Carrey' => 'Cable Guy',
'Rowan Atkinson' => 'The Ultimate Disaster'));
$type_wanted = 'Action'; //You may switch type from Action to Comedy.
$hero_wanted = 'Pearce Brosnan'; // You may switch hero from Pearce Brosnan to Jim Carrey.
print ("$hero_wanted 's $type_wanted movie is " . $movie_to_watch[$type_wanted][$hero_wanted].".");
// produces browser output as under:
// Pearce Brosnan 's Action movie is Die Another Day.
?>
21-Aug-2007 05:59
Hey..
here is a function which helps to avoid using empty/isset
checkings for arrays.
(it's acts simillar to 'default' modifier in Smarty)
Using this function you will avoid 'Undefined index' or
'Undefined offset' error.
<?php
$_POST['id']['other'] = 'val1';
/*
key exist (same as $_POST['id'][other])
*/
echo getRequestParam('id[other]', 'default value');
/*
key doesn't exist, we get default value (same as $_POST['var'])
*/
echo getRequestParam('var', 'default value');
function getRequestParam( $var, $default = '', $method = 'post' )
{
preg_match_all('!(\w+)!i',$var, $match );
array_shift($match);
$_vars = $match[0];
$ret = null;
if( strtoupper($method) == 'POST' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_POST);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'GET' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_GET);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'COOKIE' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_COOKIE);
}
elseif( strtoupper($method) == 'SESSION' ) {
$ret = _findRequestParam($_vars, $_SESSION);
}
if (! $ret )
return $default;
else
return $ret;
}
/**
@access private
*/
function _findRequestParam($vars, $find_in , $curr_key = 0)
{
static $ret;
if( array_key_exists($vars[$curr_key], $find_in) ) {
if( count( $vars)-1 == $curr_key ) {
$ret = $find_in[$vars[$curr_key]];
}
elseif( $curr_key < count( $vars)-1 ) {
_findRequestParam( $vars, $find_in[$vars[$curr_key]], $curr_key+1 );
}
}
return $ret;
}
?>
Hope this will help someone!
14-Jul-2007 11:34
Another note on unquoted array indices. Because it is first interpreted as a constant, it must obey the naming convention of constants. i.e. a letter or underscore followed by optional letter, digit and/or underscore characters.
Therefore while the following array declaration is legal:
$a = array('1st'=>'First','2nd'=>'Second');
Trying to access either array item as follows causes an error:
$first = "$a[1st]";
$second = "$a[2nd]";
11-Jul-2007 08:41
<b>Mark Gukov</b> wrote below:
Regarding the fact that there's no need to quote arrays keys when enclosed in double quotes: it only applies to single dimensional arrays.
The following works fine:
<?php
$r['a'] = 'apple';
echo "$r[a] is tasty.";
?>
...but in the case of multi-dimensional arrays:
<?php
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "$r[a][b] is tasty.";
?>
would result in "Array[c] is tasty."
-----------------------------------------------------------------
However, the following runs fine;
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "{$r[a][b]} is tasty.";
Just box it!
24-May-2007 08:37
It's slightly faster to use array_splice to remove an element of an array:
array_splice($array, $index, 1)
than to do it using the suggested method of unset and reindex:
unset($array[$index]);
$array = array_values($array);
The difference, however, is very small. With 950 iterations I had times of
unset and reindex: 0.22837495803833
splice: 0.22392416000366
20-Mar-2007 06:14
This Indonesian number speller function is twice
faster(*) than the one provided in class Terbilang by
anghuda(at)gmail(dot)com (25-May-2006 08:52):
http://www.lesantoso.com/terbilang.html
(*) 2.1 vs. 4.2 seconds in processing 10000 random numbers
16-Mar-2007 05:44
On array recursion...
Given the following code:
<?
$myarray = array('test',123);
$myarray[] = &$myarray;
print_r($myarray);
?>
The print_r() will display *RECURSION* when it gets to the third element of the array.
There doesn't appear to be any other way to scan an array for recursive references, so if you need to check for them, you'll have to use print_r() with its second parameter to capture the output and look for the word *RECURSION*.
It's not an elegant solution, but it's the only one I've found, so I hope it helps someone.
17-Jan-2007 09:55
About the automatic conversion of bare strings...
My opinion is that it never should have been implemented. Isn't it easier to NOT implement this "handy" feature in the first place? It is such a convenient way for "smart" programmers to write unsafe, not-futureproof code. Please remove this feature from future versions of PHP, please. (Hey, if you could change the OOP mechanisms between PHP 4 and PHP 5, why can't you make this change, right?)
This page should include details about how associative arrays are implemened inside PHP; e.g. using hash-maps or b-trees.
This has important implictions on the permance characteristics of associative arrays and how they should be used; e.g. b-tree are slow to insert but handle collisions better than hashmaps. Hashmaps are faster if there are no collisions, but are slower to retrieve when there are collisions. These factors have implictions on how associative arrays should be used.
28-Sep-2006 05:18
Regarding the fact that there's no need to quote arrays keys when enclosed in double quotes: it only applies to single dimensional arrays.
The following works fine:
<?php
$r['a'] = 'apple';
echo "$r[a] is tasty.";
?>
...but in the case of multi-dimensional arrays:
<?php
$r['a']['b'] = 'banana';
echo "$r[a][b] is tasty.";
?>
would result in "Array[c] is tasty."
21-Sep-2006 11:30
Regarding the message of phoenixbytes:
The line foreach($bad as $baddies); will just yield in $baddies the last value of the array $bad.
I think that wasn't your intention, in that case there are faster and better ways than foreach.
I think what you wanted to do is:
<?php
foreach($bad as $baddies) // make a collection
{
if (preg_match("/$baddies/i", $mailto)) // find a match
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
else
{
$addrmail = "true";
}
} // foreach end
?>
26-Jul-2006 07:28
in response to ch dot martin at gmail dot com
If you are using the following code:
<?php
$r = array('05' => "abc", '35' => "def");
foreach ($r as $key=>$value)
var_dump($key);
?>
and you need the array key '35' to be a string (for looping maybe), you can make sure the key is a string by appending a 0 on the front.
'035' instead of '35'
09-Jun-2006 02:40
Extremely irritating quirk regarding the variable types of array keys:
<?php
$r = array('05' => "abc", '35' => "def");
foreach ($r as $key=>$value)
var_dump($key);
?>
The first var_dump for '05' is:
string(2) "05"
as expected. But the second, '35', turns out as:
int(35)
Php apparently decided to make the 35 became an int, but not the 05 (presumably because it leads with a zero). As far as I can see, there is absolutely no way of making string(2) "35" an array key.
25-May-2006 09:52
this is simpler tha function display_angka_bilangan by ktaufik(at)gmail(dot)com (16-Feb-2005 12:40)
<?
/*
*
* Class : Terbilang
* Spell quantity numbers in Indonesian or Malay Language
*
*
* author: huda m elmatsani
* 21 September 2004
* freeware
*
* example:
* $bilangan = new Terbilang;
* echo $bilangan -> eja(137);
* result: seratus tiga puluh tujuh
*
*
*/
Class Terbilang {
function terbilang() {
$this->dasar = array(1=>'satu','dua','tiga','empat','lima','enam',
'tujuh','delapan','sembilan');
$this->angka = array(1000000000,1000000,1000,100,10,1);
$this->satuan = array('milyar','juta','ribu','ratus','puluh','');
}
function eja($n) {
$i=0;
while($n!=0){
$count = (int)($n/$this->angka[$i]);
if($count>=10) $str .= $this->eja($count). " ".$this->satuan[$i]." ";
else if($count > 0 && $count < 10)
$str .= $this->dasar[$count] . " ".$this->satuan[$i]." ";
$n -= $this->angka[$i] * $count;
$i++;
}
$str = preg_replace("/satu puluh (\w+)/i","\\1 belas",$str);
$str = preg_replace("/satu (ribu|ratus|puluh|belas)/i","se\\1",$str);
return $str;
}
}
?>
10-May-2006 04:46
phoenixbytes: The regex you have posted for matching email addresses is incorrect. Among other things, it does not allow '+' before the '@' (which is perfectly valid and can be quite useful to separate extensions of a single address). RFC 822 [1] defines the grammar for valid email addresses, and (the extemely long) regex implementing can be found at [2]. Even the "Add Note" page here at php.net says:
[quote]
And if you're posting an example of validating email addresses, please don't bother. Your example is almost certainly wrong for some small subset of cases. See this information from O'Reilly Mastering Regular Expressions book for the gory details.
[/quote]
A note to others: please do your homework before writing another email-matching regex.
[1] http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt?number=822
[2] http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/Mail-RFC822-Address.html.
17-Apr-2006 08:10
i use the array() function for deciding upon an email address's validity, i have a 'wap stalker' of my site that loves to exploit every hole i leave, so i used the following script to avoid being email bombed with my own file sender script, the array() is used to filter out undesirable email providers and, of course, any and all of my own addresses. before all that i used a REGEX to make sure it's an actual email address before going any further.
$mailto = "mail.domain.org"; // the input to be tested
if (preg_match("/^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+\.[A-Z]{2,6}$/i", $mailto)) // see if it's really an email address
{
$bad = array('mytrashmail.com', 'mymail.ro', 'acasa.ro', 'gala.net', 'phoenixbytes'); // pick out the victims
foreach($bad as $baddies); // make a collection
if (preg_match("/$baddies/i", $mailto)) // find a match
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
else
{
$addrmail = "true";
}
}
else
{
$addrmail = "false";
}
$addrmail can then be used in an argument.
$baddies can be used to give a list, if necessary.
i hope this helps someone.
02-Apr-2006 04:54
Passing variables into the array constructor:
Just a NOOB pointer, I couldn't find other examples for this. If you want to pass the value of an existing variable into the array() constructor, you can quote it or not, both methods are valid.
<?
$foo_value = 'foo string';
$bar_value = 'bar string';
$myArray = array(
'foo_key' => $foo_value, // not quoted
'bar_key' => "$bar_value"); // quoted
foreach ($myArray as $k => $v) {
echo "\$myArray[$k] => $v.<br />\n";
}
?>
Both of these will work as expected, but the unqoted $foo_value method above is marginally faster because adding quotes adds an additional string de-reference.
14-Dec-2005 01:41
if you need to check a multidimensonal array for values it's handy to store it like
$ar['key1'][0]
$ar['key2'][0]
$ar['key3'][0]
$ar['key1'][1]
$ar['key2'][1]
$ar['key3'][1]
and to loop the keys.
Fill the array (from a database-request):
while($rf=mysql_fetch_row($rs))
{
$nr=$rf[0];
$channel['nr'][$nr]=$rf[1];
$channel['chatter'][$nr]=$rf[2];
}
Call the values:
foreach(array_keys($channel['nr']) as $test)
{
print ' nr:'.$test.'<br>';
print 'value nr: '.$channel['nr'][$test].'<br>';
print ' chatter: '.$channel['chatter'][$test].'<br>';
}
This is useful, if you have to look later for an element
inside the array:
if(in_array($new_value,$channel['nr'])) print 'do something.';
Hope this helps someone.
30-Sep-2005 05:55
Regarding the previous comment, beware of the fact that reference to the last value of the array remains stored in $value after the foreach:
<?php
foreach ( $arr as $key => &$value )
{
$value = 1;
}
// without next line you can get bad results...
//unset( $value );
$value = 159;
?>
Now the last element of $arr has the value of '159'. If we remove the comment in the unset() line, everything works as expected ($arr has all values of '1').
Bad results can also appear in nested foreach loops (the same reason as above).
So either unset $value after each foreach or better use the longer form:
<?php
foreach ( $arr as $key => $value )
{
$arr[ $key ] = 1;
}
?>
27-Sep-2005 04:53
Regarding the previous comment, thw following code does the job:
<?php
foreach($arr as $key => &$value) {
$value = 1;
}
?>
19-Sep-2005 09:14
Regarding the previous comment, the fact that this code has no effect is perfectly expected:
<?php
foreach($arr as $value) {
$value = 1;
}
?>
The reason that this doesn't work, is because each time that PHP goes through the loop, it _copies_ the value of the array element into $value. So if you assign a new value to the data in $value, it has no effect on the actual array, because you only changed the value of the copy that was put in $value.
As was discovered in the previous post, the only way to get around this problem is to change the value in the original array. Hence, a typical foreach should instead look like this:
<?php
foreach($arr as $key => $value) {
$arr[$key] = 1;
}
